> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://help.immodio.app/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://help.immodio.app/en/anleitung/einnahmen-und-ausgaben/buchhaltung-erweiterung/10120500-strom-umgelegt-auf-einen-mieter.md). # Electricity (recoverable from a single tenant) Help on the Immodio entry item Electricity (recoverable from one tenant).
Use this category exclusively for **electricity costs that are clearly attributable to a particular tenancy and are passed on to that tenant on the basis of a separate contractual provision**. It is intended in particular for cases in which the electricity supply contract with the energy supplier runs through the landlord but the electricity is consumed exclusively by a particular unit let or a particular tenancy. {% hint style="warning" %} Do **not** enter **communal electricity** or the electricity costs of communal technical systems here. {% endhint %} ### The legal classification The individual household electricity of an apartment is not an ordinary type of operating cost under the Operating Costs Ordinance. The Ordinance names only certain property-related electricity costs, such as the operating electricity of the heating, the lift electricity and the lighting of areas used communally. Private apartment electricity should therefore not be allocated through the building's general operating cost statement. Where the electricity is procured by the landlord and passed on to a tenant by consumption, in law there can be a **supply of electricity to an end consumer**. Not only tenancy law but in principle also energy industry law then has to be observed. Which duties apply specifically depends, among other things, on the meter structure, the electricity supply model, the contractual arrangement and whether supply takes place through the public grid or exclusively within a customer installation. {% hint style="warning" %} The description "recovered from one tenant" should therefore not be confused with an ordinary allocation of operating costs; it is rather a **separate electricity statement addressed to a particular tenancy**. {% endhint %} ### When can this category be used? The category comes into consideration, for example, where: * an apartment let has its own sub-meter but the main supply contract runs through the landlord, * the landlord procures the electricity for a furnished or temporarily let unit and bills it by actual consumption, * a granny flat within the customer installation is supplied through its own billable meter, * the landlord lets individual rooms of an apartment with only one shared main connection and allocates the electricity costs to the individual tenancies on the basis of a clear agreement, * a particular commercial unit is supplied through a sub-meter, * there is a separate electricity supply contract between landlord and tenant. It is always a condition that the amount concerned can be assigned comprehensibly to the selected tenancy. ### What can be entered here? Where costs are passed on by consumption, the following in particular can be taken into account: * the electricity consumption in kilowatt hours determined from the meter, * a basic price attributable to the settlement period and the tenancy, * running metering and metering point costs, as far as these are borne by the landlord and are contractually part of the electricity supply, * the taxes, levies, grid charges and other price components contained in the supplier's invoice, * where applicable, a contractually agreed share of a shared main connection, * the consumption-based electricity costs of a facility used exclusively by the tenant concerned. The basic price should be allocated pro rata by time or by another appropriate measure agreed contractually. The consumption price should be calculated on the basis of the kilowatt hours actually assigned to the tenancy. ### Who is the energy supplier's contractual partner? #### An apartment with its own exclusively assigned main meter Where the electricity of an apartment let is recorded by a meter assigned exclusively to that apartment, the contractual offer of the basic supplier contained in making the electricity available is addressed to the actual occupier of the apartment and not to the owner. By taking the electricity, an electricity supply contract can therefore arise with the tenant. Where the landlord receives an invoice in such a case, they should not automatically pass the amount on to the tenant using this category. The following should first be checked: * which user occupied the apartment during the supply period, * to whom the supply point was registered, * whether the energy supplier billed the right contractual partner, * which meter readings were documented on moving in and moving out. The invoice may have to be corrected with the supplier. #### Individual rooms in a shared flat with only one shared meter The position can be different with an apartment whose rooms are let under separate rental agreements but which has only one shared electricity meter. In 2025 the Federal Court of Justice held that in such circumstances the supplier's contractual offer can be addressed to the landlord. Without individual meters the consumption cannot be assigned to the respective room tenants, and a room tenant typically does not want to be liable for the total consumption of all the other occupants. In such a letting model the rental agreement should clearly govern: * whether electricity is included in the rent, * whether a flat rate for electricity is charged, * whether allocation is by person, room area or another measure, * whether sub-meters are present, * how changes of user during the settlement period are taken into account. Without sub-meters, individual consumption cannot be asserted. The costs may then only be allocated by the measure effectively agreed and transparently presented. ### The contractual agreement Where the tenant is to pay the landlord for electricity, the agreement should contain at least the following points: * the exact consumption point, * the start and end of the electricity supply, * the electricity meter used, * the unit price and basic price or the calculation method, * the metering and other charges included, * the reading and settlement period, * the amount and calculation of the payments on account, * the method of payment and when it falls due, * provisions on price changes, * the contract term and termination, * the procedure on moving in and moving out, * rights in the event of incorrect statements. Where the landlord is treated as an electricity supplier under energy law, energy supply contracts have to be simple and understandable and contain, among other things, details of the consumption point, prices, contract duration, termination, method of payment, metering point operation, dispute resolution and changing supplier. For household customers outside the basic supply, the energy supply contract generally has to be in text form. ### Requirements for the electricity statement Where the landlord is legally an electricity supplier, the invoice to the tenant has to be simple and understandable. The information provided for by law includes, among other things, the opening and closing meter readings, the consumption, the method of determining consumption, the applicable prices, contract and termination details and information about the metering point and grid operator. A comprehensible statement should contain at least: 1. the tenancy and the consumption point, 2. the settlement period, 3. the meter number, 4. the opening and closing meter readings, 5. the difference in kilowatt hours, 6. the unit price per kilowatt hour, 7. the consumption costs, 8. the basic and metering price, 9. the allocation measure used, where applicable, 10. the total costs, 11. the payments on account made, 12. the credit balance or additional payment. Energy consumption may be billed in settlement periods not exceeding one year. When the supply relationship ends, a final invoice has to be prepared. For energy suppliers, the Energy Industry Act generally provides for an invoicing period of six weeks after the end of the settlement period or of the supply relationship. ### Payments on account Where monthly payments on account are agreed, these should be based on previous consumption or on the average consumption of comparable users. Where the household customer makes considerably lower consumption plausible, this is to be taken into account appropriately in the amount of the payments on account. ### Assignment For the assignment select **"Tenancy"** and then the tenancy that actually consumed the electricity. Direct assignment is important because these are not costs of the entire property. The amount may not be allocated to other tenants, vacant units or the entire building. ### Flat rates for electricity and all-inclusive rents Where the electricity is settled by a fixed amount under the rental agreement, there is no passing on based on exact consumption. Such a flat rate may not be treated retrospectively like a metered electricity statement. The contractual arrangement has to make clear: * whether the flat rate is final, * whether a later statement takes place, * whether reasonable consumption is assumed, * how exceptionally high consumption is dealt with, * whether it is an independent electricity supply contract or an ancillary service of the tenancy. ### When this category should not be used Do not enter the following here in particular: * electricity for the stairwell, cellar and outdoor lighting, * the operating electricity of the heating or hot water system, * lift electricity, * electricity for communal pumps or ventilation systems, * electricity for the landlord's or property manager's office, * the landlord's private electricity, * the electricity of a vacant apartment with no assigned tenancy, * another tenant's electricity costs, * repairs to electrical systems, * replacing or buying electricity meters, * newly installing wiring or sub-distribution boards, * the landlord's reminder and late payment costs, * disconnection and reconnection costs caused by the landlord themselves, * freely estimated or undocumented consumption quantities, * photovoltaic tenant electricity without a proper tenant electricity contract. For communal electricity use the category **"Communal electricity (recoverable from tenant)"**. The electricity of technical systems is assigned to the appropriate system category. ### Documents for the statement Keep in particular: * the contract with the external electricity supplier, * the separate agreement with the tenant, * the complete supplier invoices, * meter and sub-meter numbers, * evidence of calibration or conformity, * move-in and move-out reports, * photos of the meter readings, * interim readings, * the calculation of the basic price share, * the split where there is a shared main meter, * an overview of the payments on account, * the electricity statement and proof of payment, * documents on the customer installation or the tenant electricity model, where applicable.